Every year on October 18, we observe World Menopause Day, a day dedicated to raising awareness about women’s health during menopause and perimenopause. However, this topic is not only important for women currently experiencing this stage of life but also for those who are planning to become mothers in the future.
Menopause and Its Impact on Fertility
Menopause is a natural biological process that typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, marked by a gradual decline in the ovarian reserve and hormonal changes.
Perimenopause, the transitional phase leading up to menopause, can begin several years earlier, but most often after the age of 40.
Statistical data highlights this decline:
- At birth, a woman has 1–2 million eggs.
- By puberty, this number drops to around 300,000.
- By the age of 40, only around 25,000 remain.
With age, both the quantity and quality of eggs decrease, which is a key factor influencing fertility and the chances of conceiving naturally.
Family Planning and Medical Options
Today, many women choose to postpone motherhood due to their career path, educational pursuits, or changing personal circumstances.
This shift makes assisted reproduction technologies (ART) and fertility preservation increasingly important.
Some of the most common options include:
- Egg freezing (oocyte cryopreservation): Best done before age 35, when egg quality is highest.
- Embryo freezing: Suitable for women planning a family with a partner.
- Donor eggs: Advantageous for women who no longer have viable eggs of their own.
- Hormonal therapy and fertility support: Helpful for extending fertility during the perimenopausal phase.
The Importance of Awareness
World Menopause Day is a reminder that conversations about menopause should go beyond symptoms and health risks such as osteoporosis or cardiovascular disease.
It’s also about discussing what menopause means for women who still hope to have children.
Thanks to modern medicine, there are now many ways to preserve the possibility of parenthood, even when natural egg production has decreased.
The key lies in early education, preventive care, and informed decisions, empowering women to take control of their reproductive future.